Global primary energy demand, 2000–2050

Adjust the three parameters to explore how GDP growth, population, and renewable energy ambition shape the future energy mix. Historical data from IEA / BP Statistical Review; projection uses a Kaya-identity-derived model.

2050 demand
—
exajoules
vs 2023
—
622 EJ baseline
Clean energy 2050
—
wind, solar, hydro, nuclear
CO₂ trend
—
vs 2023 emissions
Stacked area chart of global primary energy demand 2000–2050 by source: coal, oil, natural gas, nuclear, hydro, and wind and solar.